A novel heteropeptide self-assembly-cascaded dual-enzyme (HSC-DE) system for cascade synthesis of enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ) from rutin and sucrose

Enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ), a natural compound known for its antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory properties, exhibits remarkable bioavailability and low toxicity, making it a promising therapeutic agent for diabetic kidney disease. However, conventional chemical synthesis of EMIQ is hampered by inefficiency, high reagent consumption, and substantial by-product formation. In this study, EMIQ was produced from rutin and sucrose using a novel Heteropeptide Self-Assembly-Cascaded Dual-Enzyme (HSC-DE) system, which co-immobilized α -L-rhamnosidase and amylosucrase via SpyTag/SpyCatcher pairs. This system significantly enhances reaction efficiency by adding the substrate and gradient temperature, achieving a sucrose conversion rate of 98.3% within 24 h, which was increased by 5.7% compared to previous (92.6%). Notably, the yield of quercetin-3- O -tetraglucoside, the form with optimal bioavailability, reached 62.1%, an increase of 12% over previous methods. This study presents a novel, sustainable, and highly effective bioengineering strategy for the synthesis of EMIQ, highlighting its potential for scalable and environmentally friendly production.