MXene-based sweat sensor integrated with Janus fabric for glucose and lactate detection

With the growing emphasis on personalized health management, point-of-care testing has garnered significant interest, creating a pressing demand for biosensors that are both highly sensitive and user-friendly. Herein, we develop a dual-function sensor on a Janus fabric for monitoring sweat glucose and lactate. The Janus material provides the critical function of unidirectional sweat transport for efficient collection while also being endowed with antibacterial properties and breathability to ensure user comfort during extended wear. The electrochemical electrode was fabricated via a sequential process of screen-printing, electropolymerization of Prussian blue, and modification with MXene and specific enzymes. The incorporation of MXene significantly reduces the electrical impedance of the electrode, thereby enhancing its electrochemical performance. The sensor offers broad detection ranges (0–500 μM for glucose and 0–25 mM for lactate) with low detection limits (0.6 μM and 0.145 mM, respectively). Furthermore, the detection sensors exhibit outstanding long-term stability, excellent reproducibility, and strong anti-interference capability. Moreover, the integrated sensor successfully monitored changes in glucose and lactate concentrations in human sweat, demonstrating significant potential for applications in health management and exercise monitoring.