MOF-199/graphene aerogel-derived porous carbon as solid-phase microextraction coating for the highly sensitive determination of phthalate acid esters in condiments

Phthalate acid esters (PAEs) are ubiquitous pollutants in food, necessitating accurate detection to ensure food quality and safety. Herein, a novel MOF-199/graphene aerogel composite-derived porous carbon material (MGC) was successfully fabricated and applied as a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coating for the efficient extraction and enrichment of trace PAEs from condiment. The MGC coating exhibits high enrichment capacity for PAEs, attributed to its hydrophobic carbon skeleton and abundant mesoporous structure. A sensitive analytical method based on headspace SPME coupled with gas chromatography-flame ionization detection was established using the MGC coated fiber. The method achieved a good linear response, low limits of detection (0.005–0.1 μg L −1 ), satisfactory recoveries (71.9 %-122.6 %). The intra-fiber relative standard deviations are between 0.1 % and 7.9 %, and those for inter-fiber are from 4.8 % to 11.2 %. The successful determination of PAEs in soy sauce and monosodium glutamate confirms the feasibility and practicality of the method. This work offers a novel analytical method with exceptional sensitivity and reliability, while also expanding the application of porous carbon in SPME.