Advancing In Vivo Chemical Monitoring with an Interface-Free Implants-to-Textile Wireless System

Continuous in vivo monitoring of diverse chemicals, including ions, glucose, and neurotransmitters, is pivotal for elucidating complex physiological processes and identifying various diseases. Existing approaches predominantly rely on transdermal wires to transmit signals from implanted sensors to external devices, which substantially heightens the risk of infection, particularly in immunocompromised patients. To address this problem, we developed an interface-free implants-to-textile wireless system for multiplexed in vivo chemical monitoring. This system integrates fully implanted miniature wireless sensors, roughly the size of a grain of rice, with a conformal textile-based network of intermediate relay coils. These implanted sensors convert chemical signals into distinct resonance frequencies and wirelessly relay them through the textile–coil network to a readout coil. By obviating the need for transdermal wires, our system mitigates infection risk and achieves real-time and simultaneous monitoring of glucose, potassium and calcium ions in vivo. This minimally invasive platform offers safe, real-time, multiplexed chemical analysis, thereby contributing to advancing both disease diagnosis and understanding of intricate physiological dynamics.