MXene hydrogel based on oxidized alginate and carboxymethyl chitosan for synergistic photothermal-electrical therapy of diabetic wounds

Chronic diabetic wounds pose a major clinical challenge due to impaired healing, persistent infections, and disrupted bioelectrical signaling. In this study, a multifunctional hydrogel dressing was developed by incorporating tannic acid-modified MXene (TA@MXene) into a polysaccharide dual-crosslinked network formed by oxidized alginate (OSA) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC). The hydrogel combines dynamic Schiff base bonds and Fe 3+ coordination, endowing it with self-healing properties and tissue-like mechanical strength. The incorporated MXene not only provides high electrical conductivity (0.55 S/m) suitable for electrical stimulation but also confers near-infrared-triggered photothermal antibacterial activity, enabling localized heating above 50 °C. In vitro assays demonstrated broad-spectrum antibacterial efficacy (> 90% inhibition) and promoted endothelial cell migration. In diabetic mouse models, the hydrogel accelerated wound closure, achieving 98% healing within 14 days, through a combination of infection control, attenuation of oxidative stress, and electrical stimulation. This work offers a promising strategy for diabetic wound management by integrating the multifunctionality of MXene with dynamic polysaccharide networks.