Multifunctional permeable electrodes for synchronous temperature-electrophysiological signals monitoring and intelligent arrhythmia diagnosis

With the rapid development of home-based digital health monitoring, conventional single-function electrodes have become inadequate to address growing healthcare demands. Simultaneous and accurate acquisition of both electrophysiological signals and temperature is crucial for comprehensive health monitoring and clinical diagnostics. To address this need, we developed a low-cost multifunctional flexible electrode for concurrent body temperature and electrophysiological signal monitoring without cross-interference. The body temperature can be assessed through visual colorimetric evaluation and measured precisely using a custom-developed smartphone application. Characterized by high air permeability, ultra-thin architecture, superior flexibility, antibacterial effect, and strong skin adhesion, our electrode maintains low interfacial impedance for stable, long-term acquisition of high-fidelity physiological signals (e.g., electrocardiography (ECG) and surface electromyography (sEMG)). Furthermore, when integrated with a Raspberry Pi platform and a hybrid convolutional neural network-long short-term memory algorithm, the system achieves intelligent arrhythmia detection with an exceptional accuracy of 99.30%. The novel electrode offers a powerful tool for multifunctional sensing of temperature and physiological electrical signals, creating exciting potential for applications in wearable physiological tracking.