Bioinspired Free-Space Architecture Engineering for Broadband Electromagnetic Absorption and Thermal Management in Graphene-Based Fibrous Textiles

Next-generation wearable electronics and stealth technologies demand lightweight, flexible materials that integrate broadband electromagnetic absorption with thermal management. Conventional microwave absorbers often suffer from narrow bandwidth, high thickness, and composition-driven limitations. Here, we introduce a bioinspired free-space architecture engineering strategy that programs hierarchical pore–cavity configurations within graphene-based fibrous textiles. Guided by cavity resonance theory, hollow fibers and aerogel fibers are fabricated via multi-axis wet-spinning and directional drying, enabling precise impedance modulation and synergistic conduction–polarization losses. The optimized architectures deliver exceptional performance: RAHF-2 achieves an effective absorption bandwidth ( EAB ) of 8.6 GHz with the minimum reflection loss value ( RL min ) = −32.8 dB, while RMAF-5-E reaches RL min = −59.1 dB and EAB = 8.5 GHz, and RMAF-10-EA exhibits strong absorption (−42.0 dB) at an ultrathin thickness of 2.0 mm. Beyond electromagnetic protection, these textiles demonstrate rapid light-to-heat conversion (65°C in 60 s), offering multifunctionality for adaptive thermal regulation. This work establishes a structural design paradigm for next-generation metamaterial textiles, bridging electromagnetic stealth, wearable protection, and intelligent thermal management.