Smart PVA/curcumin electrospun nanofiber dressings: Integrating antibacterial, antioxidant, and pH-responsive colorimetric monitoring functions

Addressing limitations of conventional dressings in real-time monitoring and active repair, this study developed a smart, multifunctional nanofiber membrane by electrospinning curcumin (Cur) into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix. The PVA/Cur membranes integrated antibacterial, antioxidant, and pH-responsive colorimetric properties. Increasing Cur content (0–1.5 wt%) reduced fiber diameter and enhanced hydrophilicity. The PVA/Cur1.0 membrane exhibited optimal mechanical properties (2.84 MPa tensile strength, 43.31% elongation). Biologically, PVA/Cur1.5 achieved a > 5-log reduction within 10 min and over 70% DPPH radical scavenging. Leveraging Cur's pH sensitivity, the dressing enabled visual wound monitoring via a distinct color transition from yellow (acidic, pH 4–6) to reddish-brown (alkaline, pH 7.5–8.9), synchronized with pH-triggered Cur release. Excellent biocompatibility was confirmed (hemolysis < 3%, fibroblast viability > 85%). This work presents an integrated strategy for a smart theragnostic dressing, merging real-time diagnosis and active therapy to advance beyond passive wound care. Graphical