Fabrication of NH2-MIL-125(Ti)@TpBD(SO3H)2 selective adsorption material for dispersive solid-phase extraction of quinolone antibiotics in fish and shrimp combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric analysis

To address the ongoing issue of quinolones (QNs) residues in aquatic products, accurate and sensitive detection of trace QNs has always been necessary and urgent. In this work, a composite material of NH 2 −MIL-125(Ti)@TpBD(SO 3 H) 2 consisting of metal organic frameworks and based on bisulfonic acid-based covalent organic frameworks was synthesized and applied as a dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) adsorbent. Combining with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, a simple and effective method for simultaneous detection of 18 QNs in aquatic products was established. Meanwhile, the selective adsorption mechanism was thoroughly investigated through material characterization combined with density functional theory calculations. The results showed that the method had a good linear relationship ( r ≥ 0.9981), low limits of detection of 0.0019–0.0641 μg kg⁻¹, along with high recovery rates in the range of 80.6–113.2 %, and good precision with relative standard deviations less than 8.8 %. The selective adsorption mechanism revealed the synergistic adsorption mechanism of electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and π-π interactions. The material had good reusability and excellent stability. In summary, the dSPE method based on NH 2 −MIL-125(Ti)@TpBD(SO 3 H) 2 composites provided a practical sample pretreatment solution for the determination of trace QNs in complex matrixes.