Annealing-Enabled 3D Printing of MXene/Carbon Aerogels with Stability in Harsh Conditions

The advancement of wireless technology and miniaturized electronic devices demands customized, high-performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with stability under harsh conditions. Although MXene provides excellent electrical and EMI shielding properties, achieving robust stability in MXene aerogels remains challenging. Herein, an annealing-enabled 3D printing process is developed to fabricate hierarchical MXene/carbon aerogels that maintain excellent shielding stability under extreme conditions, including long-term storage, intensive sonication, cryogenic temperatures (−196°C), high temperatures (200°C), cryogenic cycling (from −196°C to 20°C), and rapid thermal shock (∆T = 396°C). The aerogel achieves a superior EMI shielding efficiency of up to 111.1 dB, surpassing recently reported materials, and maintains high performance of 100.14 dB across the 4–18 GHz frequency range. Furthermore, flexible and sensitive pressure sensors are fabricated, demonstrating potential for motion detection and smart interfaces. The presented approach positions MXene/carbon aerogels as potential candidates for stable device shielding and sensing applications.