Carboxymethyl cellulose-reinforced adhesive bio-patch for sealing wet tissue defects and bioelectronics

While adhesive patches are vital for emergency and surgical trauma care, especially in sealing tissue defects, conventional variants exhibit inadequate bonding in moist conditions, which severely restricts their use for tissue sealing under mechanical pressure and in bioelectronic applications. Herein, we developed a resilient, rapidly adhesive bioelectronic patch (CAA) engineered via photoinitiated copolymerization of carboxymethyl cellulose methacrylate (CMC-MA), acrylic acid, and N -hydroxysuccinimide acrylate. Crucially, CMC-MA acts dually as cross-linker and matrix-forming monomer, enabling exceptional mechanical tunability with tensile stress reaching 5 MPa alongside outstanding cytocompatibility. The CAA patch can rapidly adhere to wet tissues, achieve mechanical sealing of defects by withstanding burst pressures exceeding 600 mmHg, and maintain consistency in real-time monitoring at the dynamic biointerface. In vitro porcine tissue models—including lung leakage, gastric perforation, and cardiac injury—and murine adhesion assays confirm superior wet adhesion and long-term interfacial stability. As a versatile bioelectronic interface adhesive, CAA ensures stable device-tissue integration for wearable sensors, enabling high-fidelity dynamic monitoring of ECG and EMG signals. This tough, ultrahigh-burst-pressure adhesive patch presents a promising application platform for wearable electronics, electronic skin, biosensing, and related biomedical systems.