Orthogonal Design-Driven Optimization of Tin Fluorophosphate Glass Matrix for High-Performance Phosphor-in-Glass White Light-Emitting Diodes

Among various glass matrices, low-melting-point glass stands out as an excellent candidate for fabricating high-performance white light-emitting diodes (LED), owing to its brilliant physical, chemical and thermal stability. The optimization of glass components to enhance optical performance constitutes a critical research challenge. Our team first proposed using orthogonal design to prepare phosphor-in-glass (PiG) and investigate glass matrix ratios. When adding Y 3 Al 5 O 12 :Ce 3+ (YAG) phosphor, the 2:4:3 glass matrix demonstrated optimal optical performance, achieving a luminous efficacy of 145.31   lm/W at 50   mA. Impressively, commercially available BaSi₂O₂N₂: Eu²⁺ (BSON) and CaAlSiN₃: Eu²⁺ (CASN) phosphors were incorporated into YAG glass, the prepared PiG-LED exhibited full spectrum emission under blue chip excitation with low correlated color temperature (CCT = 3656   K) and excellent color rendering (R a = 92.3, R 9 = 93, R 13 = 95). The D uv of the BSON&YAG&CASN-PiG sample is -0.0013, which is lower than the ±0.006 tolerance required for practical lighting applications. In this study, a novel idea for PiG composition and property optimization by orthogonal design is proposed. The experimental results confirm its feasibility as a widely applicable idea for the preparation and optimization of glass composites. The PiG-LED data show the excellence and application potential of this method.