MOF-reinforced NIR-responsive composite hydrogel with photothermal antibacterial and antioxidant activities for diabetic wound healing

Chronic diabetic wounds are marked by recurrent infection, persistent ROS and prolonged inflammation. Herein, we report a MOF-reinforced NIR-responsive composite hydrogel (CEPN) that features a dual-cross-linked network assembled from carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), polydopamine (PDA), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and L-Cys@Cu MOF nanofibers. The CEPN composite hydrogel is fabricated via a facile one-pot procedure and undergoes rapid in-situ gelation while exhibiting robust tissue adhesion at room temperature. The composite hydrogel integrates ondemand photothermal sterilization, broad-spectrum antioxidant capacity and enhanced mechanical robustness. Moreover, it efficiently scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) including O 2 •-, H 2 O 2 , •OH, and neutralizes the synthetic radicals DPPH• and ABTS •+ . Upon near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, the composite hydrogel rapidly generates localized hyperthermia, reaching 60 °C within 8 min, and exhibits excellent bactericidal efficacy against both Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Grampositive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). In vitro and in vivo studies confirm that the composite hydrogel is highly biocompatible and also promotes cell migration and angiogenesis. In a diabetic mouse wound model, the composite hydrogel significantly reduces the wound area and accelerates tissue regeneration. Overall, this multifunctional composite hydrogel offers a simple, safe and effective treatment strategy for chronic diabetic wounds.