Nano-Encapsulated Lactobacilli for Synergistic Alleviation of Inflammatory Bowel Disease via Anti-inflammatory and Intestinal Mucosal Repair

Ready-to-use probiotics have shown promising safety and patient acceptability in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), yet their efficacy is limited by poor tolerance and inadequate targeting. Here, we developed a dual-precisely engineered prebiotic coating for the robust probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Probio-M9. The coating features an inner tannic acid–iron (Fe/TA) network for reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and an outer hyaluronic acid (HA) layer that enables targeted binding to inflamed mucosa and enhances epithelial adhesion. This synergistic design alleviates inflammation, repairs the epithelial barrier, modulates gut microbiota, and ultimately achieves superior therapeutic outcomes in IBD. This strategy provides a new perspective and a feasible path for probiotic-based IBD intervention research.