Preparation and Application of Res@KGMMA/α-CSH/HMSN for Alveolar Bone Repair

Inflammation, trauma, or diabetes can cause alveolar bone to become soft, slack, and bone-deficient. If left untreated, this can eventually result in resorption and constriction of the alveolar bone. The inability of the alveolar bone to heal itself clinically presents a challenge for future dental implants and other procedures. In order to overcome this difficulty, we created an injectable, light-curable hydrogel composite (Res@KGMMA/α-CSH/HMSN) that contains α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate (α-CSH) and hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSN) loaded with resveratrol (Res) in a methacrylated konjac glucomannan (KGMMA) matrix. This composite effectively conforms to irregular bone defects, gels quickly when exposed to blue light, and allows for sustained drug release while reducing the risk of leakage. Significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was shown in vitro tests, along with increased human periodontal ligament stem cell proliferation. By the eighth week, micro-CT and histological analyses in a rabbit alveolar bone defect model showed significant new bone formation and upregulated expression of osteogenic markers (OPG, RUNX2, COL I, OPN, OCN). These results highlight the composite's exceptional osteogenic potential, biocompatibility, and clinical promise for alveolar bone regeneration.