Immobilization of Phospholipase B on Amphiphilic Janus SiO2: A Green and Sustainable Interfacial Biocatalysis Platform

This study constructs an immobilized phospholipase system based on mesoporous silicon-based Janus microspheres and validates its exceptional performance in efficient interfacial biocatalysis. This system employs a Janus nanocarrier (HMSS-NH2-C8-Janus). The carrier was functionalized via a Pickering emulsion strategy, which grafted hydrophilic amino groups and hydrophobic octyl groups onto opposite hemispheres. This well-designed amphiphilicity not only facilitates effective immobilization of phospholipase B (PLB) but, more importantly, enables the resulting PLB@HMSS-NH2-C8-Janus to act as an excellent stabilizer for Pickering emulsions. Within this emulsion system, the biocatalyst spontaneously anchors at the oil–water interface, forming a dense, high activity monolayer that optimally orients the enzyme for substrate interaction. When applied to the model reaction of enzymatic degumming of rapeseed oil, the system achieved a degumming efficiency of 96.6% and a 99% oil recovery. At the same time, the residual phosphorus content after degumming in this system was 1.8–2.3 times lower than that of free PLB and homogeneous carrier immobilized enzyme. Furthermore, it exhibited excellent reusability and achieved a 96% degumming efficiency after five consecutive cycles. This work elucidates the rational design of amphiphilic Janus materials for efficient interfacial biocatalysis in oil-processing applications.