Plasmonic resonance coupling in a heterogeneous ML-MoS₂/Au nanoarray for ultrasensitive SERS-based glucose detection

The urgent need for reliable blood glucose monitoring has driven the development of advanced sensing platforms such as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). However, traditional SERS substrates are plagued by inconsistent hotspots and limited signal strength. We solved this problem by constructing a heterojunction substrate with a precisely designed gold nanoarray (Au NA) on a single-layer MoS 2 . Due to the structural characteristics of the substrate, a uniform plasma coupling network and efficient charge transfer channels have been constructed. The uniform intensity and charge transfer efficiency of LSPR were optimized through the design of the structure, and the enhancement mechanism was systematically studied physically. When functionalized with 4-MPBA, our sensor achieved an ultra sensitive glucose detection limit of 10 −12 M and long-term stability within 15 days, with relative enhancement factors of 6.29 and 13.98, respectively. It demonstrates excellent recognition ability for glucose molecules in anti-interference detection. This fully demonstrates the transformative potential of ordered nanoarray design in the field of biosensing.