Synergistic dual-dynamic-bonds rendered adaptable oxidized carboxymethyl cellulose/lignin/sodium alginate/poly(vinyl alcohol) biohydrogels for wound healing

Dual dynamic bond hydrogel dressings, known for their exceptional self-healing abilities and stimulus responsiveness, offer significant benefits in promoting wound healing. Hence, a multifunctional hydrogel (OCMC/LA/AP/PVA E ) was developed by forming dynamic imine and borate ester bonds among oxidized carboxymethyl cellulose, aminated lignin, modified sodium alginate, poly (vinyl alcohol) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). This adaptable network structure via segmental exchange driven by dual dynamic bonds in a microenvironment enhanced the stability of hydrogels, improved mechanical properties, and exhibited unique pH-sensitive responsiveness, making it well suited for the dynamic wound environment. This responsiveness facilitated the controlled release of drugs and lignin, achieving 75.11% cumulative release of EGCG and 72.09% of lignin and nearly 100% antibacterial rate, further enhancing biological activity. Additionally, dual action of lignin as both structural framework and bioactive substance contributes to the high-value utilization of biomass materials. The hydrogels also exhibited good UV–vis resistance, biocompatibility, and adhesion properties, and enabled the monitoring of drug and lignin release through changes in conductivity. In vivo testing on mice whole skin defect model revealed that the hydrogel significantly accelerated wound healing and supported tissue regrowth. The developed dual dynamic bonds improve the hydrogel's functionality and pave the way for innovative applications in biomedicine.