Enhancing the Selective OH− Adsorption for Durable Alkaline Seawater Oxidation at Industrial Current Densities

The introduced Ce(OH)CO 3 optimizes charge distribution and enhances Lewis acidity of Ni/Fe sites, facilitating OH − adsorption. The NiFe-layered double hydroxide/Ce(OH)CO 3 enables stable alkaline seawater electrooxidation for over 450 h at a high current density of 1 A cm −2 . In an anion exchange membrane system, an energy efficiency of 65.21% is attained at 1 A cm −2 , with hydrogen production at a cost of USD 1.03 per gasoline gallon equivalent .