Phage-Inspired Artificial Peroxidases with Robust Sub–Nanometer Cluster Sites for Efficient Oral Biofilm Elimination and Dental Caries Prevention

The phage-inspired de novo design of the artificial peroxidase (IrNC@TiO 2 ) features robust subnanometer cluster sites and a sea-urchin-like topography. The potent enzymatic activity of Ir clusterzymes and the topological advantages of the spiky substrate endow IrNC@TiO 2 with the ability to effectively capture and eradicate planktonic Streptococcus mutans while inhibiting biofilm formation. IrNC@TiO 2 can significantly inhibit tooth-surface biofilm development, prevent enamel demineralization, and reduce caries incidence in anticaries experiments