摘要
Citri reticulatae pericarpium (CRP), a traditional Chinese medicine and food homologous material, is rich in bioactive flavonoids with multiple pharmacological effects. However, traditional organic solvent extraction methods for flavonoids suffer from low efficiency, high cost, and environmental pollution. In this study, ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction (UAE-DES) was developed as an efficient and green alternative for flavonoid extraction from CRP. The 41 DESs were screened, and choline chloride-acetamide (mole ratio 1:3) with 30% water content was identified as the optimal solvent. The extraction performance was improved by 92% compared to 70% acidified methanol. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was further used to optimize the extraction process, with the optimal conditions determined as follows: solid-liquid ratio 1:28 (g/mL), extraction temperature 30℃, extraction time 61 min, and ultrasonic power 210 W. Under these conditions, the maximum hesperidin content (the most abundant flavonoid in CRP) reached 27.46 ± 0.33 mg/g. Fourier transform-infrared spectrometry (FTIR) verified the formation of strong hydrogen bonds between choline chloride and acetamide, which enhanced flavonoid solubility. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations revealed that UAE-DES treatment caused more severe disruption of CRP cell structures compared to water and 70% methanol extraction, facilitating flavonoid release. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations further elucidated the extraction mechanism at the molecular level: The multi-component (chloride ion, acetamide, choline cation) in Des synergizes to keep flavonoids monodisperse, increasing solvent accessibility and mass transfer efficiency. In conclusion, UAE-DES is a promising green extraction technology for CRP flavonoids, and the insights into the molecular interaction mechanism provide a theoretical basis for the design and application of DES in plant active ingredient extraction.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）