Rapid fractionation of moso bamboo using ternary deep eutectic solvent for integrated enzymatic hydrolysis and in situ treatment liquid gelation

Driven by the principles of ecological sustainability, this study presents an integrated biorefinery strategy for the rapid deconstruction and integrated valorization of moso bamboo. A novel lactic acid-based ternary deep eutectic solvent (DES), composed of tetrabutylammonium chloride, lactic acid, and p- toluenesulfonic acid (TBAC/LA/PTSA), was developed to achieve rapid fractionation. Under optimized conditions (130 °C, 30 min), the ternary DES achieved a high removal efficiency of lignin (86.28%) and hemicellulose (95.23%), significantly reducing pretreatment time and energy consumption. The resulting cellulose-rich residue exhibited an exceptional enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of 98.28%, maintaining a robust performance of 76.75% even after five DES recycling cycles. Structural characterization revealed that the isolated lignin possessed high purity, moderate molecular weight, and superior antioxidant activity (IC 50  = 0.66 mg/mL), outperforming the commercial antioxidant BHT (IC 50  = 0.96 mg/mL). Furthermore, the pretreatment liquid was directly transformed into a high-performance functional eutectogel via a seamless in situ gelation process. The resulting eutectogel displayed outstanding mechanical properties (747% tensile strain and 954 kPa compressive strength) and exceptional environmental adaptability across a wide temperature range (−70 to 65 °C). This integrated approach not only demonstrates the efficient deconstruction of bamboo biomass but also provides a sustainable pathway for synthesizing wearable flexible electronics, ensuring the comprehensive utilization of all lignocellulosic components.