A chromosome-level genome assembly and multi-omics analysis reveal fenpropathrin resistance mechanisms in the turnip aphid, Lipaphis erysimi

BACKGROUND The turnip aphid Lipaphis erysimi is a cruciferous crop pest with the potential to reduce yields by up to 90%. Treatment of L. erysimi infestations using insecticides has resulted in numerous cases of resistance in field populations yet genomic resources are lacking for this species, limiting the ability of researchers to investigate the molecular basis of resistance and develop management strategies. RESULTS Here we describe the creation of a chromosome scale genome assembly for L. erysimi and the characterization of fenpropathrin resistance in this species using multi-omics analysis. A 409 Mb genome was assembled for L. erysimi , with an N50 of 95.2 Mb and 90% of assembled content contained within four chromosome-scale scaffolds. We identified a key M903L mutation in a voltage-gated sodium channel gene that is targeted by fenpropathrin and the accompanying up-regulation of cytochrome P450 and UDP-glycosyltransferase detoxification genes. Using transgenic flies, we further confirmed the ability of L. erysimi CYP4CJ1 to confer fenpropathrin resistance in vivo . CONCLUSION Mechanisms for fenpropathrin resistance in L. erysimi were identified through multi-omics analysis and functional characterization. Collectively, this study provides valuable genomic resources for molecular investigations of L. erysimi and establishes a foundation for developing novel strategies to enhance pyrethroid efficacy in this species. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.