Aptamer-modified metal-organic framework fiber network as a selective and recyclable affinity pretreatment column for aflatoxin B1 enrichment in feed

A novel fireproof material@UIO-66-gold nanoparticles (AS@UIO-66-AuNPs) fiber network using low-cost fireproof material (AS) via an in-situ synthesis strategy has been developed. This functionalized network anchors specific aptamers (Apt), creating a highly efficient aptamer affinity column for the sensitive detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in food samples. Notably, this work focuses on the construction of an aptamer-based affinity pretreatment column rather than a signal-output sensing platform, aiming to improve target enrichment and matrix cleanup prior to instrumental analysis. Under optimized conditions, the method demonstrated excellent analytical performance, with a linearity range of 1–100 µg/kg and a detection limit of 0.157 µg/kg. Validation with spiked recovery experiments on corn, soybean meal, and rapeseed meal showed satisfactory recoveries and strong agreement with a commercial detection kit. The method also exhibited excellent reproducibility and reusability. Overall, the AS@UIO-66-AuNP/Apt system represents a cost-effective, stable, and selective strategy for the pretreatment and enrichment of AFB1, with potential applicability to other targets through aptamer replacement, thereby supporting the development of multifunctional aptamer affinity columns. Graphical abstract The alt text for this image may have been generated using AI.