Synergistic optimization of energy storage performance in Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-based high-entropy ceramics via A/B-site co-doping

High-power pulse systems demand dielectric ceramics with high recoverable energy storage density ( W rec ), efficiency, and stability. Relaxor ferroelectrics are promising due to high polarization and low loss. In this work, a binary solid solution of 0.7Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 -0.3Sr 0.7 Bi 0.2 TiO 3 was used as the base composition. A series of high-entropy relaxor ferroelectric ceramics, (1- x )(0.7NBT-0.3SBT)- x (Ca 0.5 Ba 0.5 )(In 0.5 Ta 0.5 )O 3 ( x  = 0.05 ~ 0.30), featuring highly disordered crystal structures, were synthesized via a solid-state reaction method through simultaneous multi-cation doping at both the A- and B-sites. Characterization techniques including structural analysis, morphology observation, and basic electrical property measurements demonstrated that this A/B-site co-doping strategy effectively enhanced the relaxor characteristics. Systematic evaluation of energy storage performance identified the optimal composition ( x  = 0.1), which achieves a W rec of 1.1 J·cm −3 at 110 kV·cm −1 , representing a relatively high value for bulk ceramics under moderate electric fields. These findings provide experimental support and a technical reference for developing high-performance energy storage ceramics. Graphical abstract The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.