Transparent, Robust Hydrogel Anti-Fog Coatings Empowered by Synergistic LoRA Strategy for Image Restoration

Transparent and robust anti-fog coatings are highly demanded in advanced optical systems. Herein, a waterborne Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN) hydrogel coating P(AM90-AMPS15-HOA5)-PVA30-B4 was fabricated via two-step polymerization and borate cross-linking. Increasing borate content to 4 mol% refines PVA-rich nanodomains to ∼2.7 nm, suppresses Mie scattering, and achieves 96% transmittance with haze as low as 1.9%. The coating exhibits outstanding durability, retaining 96% transmittance after 120 h dust exposure at 85% Relative Humidity (RH), meeting MIL-PRF-32432 standards. Coupled with Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), a lightweight dehazing algorithm, the physical-digital synergistic system elevates Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) to 28.6 dB and achieves Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) above 0.92 with excellent color fidelity, outperforming commercial coatings and single algorithm pipelines. This work provides a green, scalable strategy for high-performance anti-fog coatings and a universal paradigm for physical-digital integrated optical imaging.