Influences of bending degree on non-contact gap and pressure measurements by using eddyingized conductive polymer composite

The advancement of flexible sensing technology has created a strong demand for reliable operation on curved surfaces, but characterizing and predicting sensor performance under bending remains a fundamental challenge. This study systematically investigates the influence of bending deformation on the impedance response of a flexible eddyingized sensor made from a carbon nanotube/silicone rubber composite. The research reveals that curvature significantly modulates the electromagnetic-structure interplay, altering both the magnetic coupling and the internal conductive network response across non-contact, loading, and relaxation stages. A larger radius of curvature enhances impedance magnitude variation but reduces impedance angle change, while also decreasing the critical impedance and DC resistance. By integrating these curvature-dependent features with an interpolation algorithm, a sensing methodology is established to decouple gap and pressure under arbitrary curvature conditions accurately. This work provides both mechanistic insight and a practical framework for curvature-adaptive flexible sensing, laying the foundation for high-performance soft robotics and bio-integrated devices operating on curved surfaces.