A facile hydrothermal strategy for performance enhancement of BaTiO3 powders synthesized by solid-state method

A facile hydrothermal strategy is proposed in the study for performance improvement of barium titanate (BaTiO 3 , BTO) powder synthesized via solid-state method. Benefiting from the continuous dissolution–recrystallization equilibrium reaction under hydrothermal conditions, the modified powders exhibit significantly improved uniformity and dispersibility, while maintaining high tetragonality and minimal hydroxyl defects. As a result, the ceramics derived from the modified BTO-030 and BTO-040 powders show fine-grained microstructures along with notably improved dielectric properties. Specifically, the room-temperature dielectric constants increase from 3649 to 4765 for modified BTO-030 and from 3863 to 4463 for modified BTO-040, demonstrating that the proposed modification strategy effectively optimizes BTO powders for MLCC applications.