Functionalized metal–organic framework-based photosensitive hydrogel eye drops for inhibition of corneal neovascularization and promotion of epithelial repair

GelMA-OHA/ZIF8@BMP4 (GOZB) was developed from oxidized hyaluronic acid and GelMA, incorporating BMP4-loaded ZIF8 nanoparticles for sustained release. GOZB restores corneal epithelial ultrastructure and barrier integrity, promoting tissue repair in corneal injury models. GOZB effectively suppresses inflammation, oxidative stress, and neovascularization, showing excellent therapeutic efficacy and safety for CoNV.