Bimetallic Co/Mn-doped metal-organic framework for UV–visible spectrophotometric and chemiluminescent dual-mode detection of adrenaline

As a neurotransmitter that is present in minute amounts but indispensable to the human body, adrenaline (AD) plays a significant role in many physiological activities, so the precise detection of AD is essential for both clinical diagnosis and life science research. Thus, in this study, a cobalt‑manganese bimetallic doped metal-organic framework (Co/Mn@ZIF) was synthesized in a simple and low-cost manner. Additionally, when Co/Mn@ZIF was employed in a dual-readout platform that coupled UV–visible spectrophotometry with chemiluminescence (CL), the system delivered both excellent accuracy and good selectivity for the determination of AD. The UV–visible spectrophotometric method presented a linear concentration range of 0–100 μM and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.879 μM, meanwhile, the linear range of the CL detection was 0.1–40 μM, with a LOD of 0.872 μM. The proposed dual-mode method furnishes a straightforward and economical means for the sensitive detection of AD, with promising applicability in clinical assays, environmental monitoring, and other potential scenarios.