Unlocking the Triboelectric Potential of Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Framework via a Lignocellulose Bridging Network for High-Output Nanogenerators

The emergence of distributed micro-power systems demands sustainable and high-performance triboelectric materials. Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) offer a promising platform with structurally tunable polarity; their practical application in triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is hindered by poor processability and the difficulty in forming effective triboelectric interfaces. This work reports a composite aerogel designed to bridge this gap by synergistically integrating the versatile halogen-anion HOF (HA-HOF) with the structural advantages of lignocellulosic matrix derived from alkaline peroxide mechanical pulp (APMP). The robust, naturally derived 3D network acts as an ideal scaffold, hosting HA-HOF and creating a “bridge structure” that builds an electron transfer “highway” within the material, thereby significantly facilitating charge separation and transfer during friction. Simultaneously, the introduction of strong electron-withdrawing groups (bromine and fluorine functional groups) into HA-HOF@APMP aerogel (HA-HOF@APMPA) has effectively enhanced the negative friction polarity and endowed it with excellent versatility, including fluorescence, hydrophobicity, and flame retardancy. The resulting HA-HOF@APMPA-based TENG (HAA-TENG) can generate an open-circuit voltage of 158 V, short-circuit current of 2.8 µA, and transfer charge of 54 nC, representing enhancements of 172%, 103%, and 135%, respectively, over the pristine APMPA-based TENG. The HAA-TENG sensor is successfully employed for monitoring human joint motion and gait patterns.