Development of multifunctional packaging films reinforced with MIL-100(Fe) as functional nanofiller in bilayer biopolymer matrix for enhanced beef preservation and quality monitoring

MIL-100(Fe) was successfully synthesized at room temperature and incorporated in bilayer film matrix. • MOFs and betalain generate molecular interactions within the film matrix as a filler. • Active films exhibited strong barrier, antioxidant and antibacterial properties. • These films prolonged the shelf life of beef and can be used for beef freshness monitoring. • This study offers novel insights into the development of active, smart food packaging. Meat is prone to microbial spoilage and faces significant risks from foodborne illnesses. This study introduces an innovative approach utilizing metallic organic frameworks (MOFs) as antibacterial agents and beetroot extract (BTE) for pH sensitivity to address existing challenges. Furthermore, this study utilized tri-polymeric concept via protein-polysaccharide combination, which includes sodium alginate to stabilize betalain, and gelatin and chitosan to give strong mechanical properties. The MOFs were synthesized using green synthesis, confirmed through structural and multispectral analysis. Betalain extracted from beetroot was incorporated into these tri-polymeric films. The developed films demonstrated excellent antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Furthermore, the pH sensitivity of betalain renders these films suitable for use as biosensors, with the quality stage of beef successfully assessed. Moreover, the films exhibited strong UV, water, and oxygen barrier properties. Atomic force microscopy revealed differences in surface morphology, with a uniform distribution, and films showed high mechanical strength. Concurrently, the addition of MOFs and BTE extract potentially extended the shelf life of beef by up to three days compared to control tri-polymeric films. These multifunctional films present new strategies employing novel antibacterial materials and tri-polymeric combinations which can efficiently preserve beef quality, while BTE indicates spoilage in real time. Download: Download high-res image (362KB) Download: Download full-size image