Bifunctional hierarchical HA/MgFe2O4 bioceramic scaffolds with magnetic hyperthermia and osteogenic activity fabricated by vat photopolymerization

Bone defects resulting from tumor resections pose a major clinical challenge, demanding simultaneous solutions for preventing local tumor recurrence and achieving efficient bone regeneration. Traditional treatments often fail to integrate effective hyperthermia therapy with optimal bone scaffold performance, leading to suboptimal clinical outcomes. This study developed a novel bifunctional HA/MgFe 2 O 4 composite bioceramic scaffold via digital light processing (DLP) and multi-cycle vacuum infiltration, where hydroxyapatite (HA) enables bone regeneration and magnesium ferrite (MgFe 2 O 4 ) provides magnetic hyperthermia functionality. The scaffolds exhibit excellent magnetocaloric performance: under an alternating magnetic field (92 G, 100 kHz), the scaffold with the highest infiltration concentration (0.62 g/mL) achieves a temperature rise of 16.3 °C (from 21.5 °C to 37.8 °C) within 10 min. Meanwhile, they maintain compressive strength of 6.88–9.08 MPa, which is suitable for cancellous bone applications. Material characterization reveals that Mg 2+ and Fe 3+ incorporation induces HA lattice distortion, promotes β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) formation, and accelerates biodegradation in simulated body fluid (SBF). In vitro biological evaluations show that the scaffolds exhibit 125% cell viability (vs. pure HA control), elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and enhanced osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs). This patient-specific platform integrates precise 3D architecture, tunable magnetocaloric effects, and bioactive bone regeneration, offering a synergistic strategy for combined tumor therapy and bone repair in post-resection osteolytic defects.