Closed-Loop Synergistic Nitric Oxide/Hydrogen Delivery with Feedback Control for Diabetic Wound Healing

Pd-Ni 5 P 4 /dual-channel electrocatalytic flexible system (DCEFS) employs a bifunctional catalyst, dual-channel electrodes, and microneedle array to achieve continuous, decoupled-free coupling of nitric oxide sensing and hydrogen treatment. Pd-Ni 5 P 4 /DCEFS pioneers a single-cycle “sense-hydrogen treatment-sense” strategy for closed-loop inflammation resolution, delivering efficient reactive nitrogen species/reactive oxygen species clearance with real-time nitric oxide-based feedback for precise therapeutic control. Pd-Ni 5 P 4 /DCEFS innovatively establishes a closed-loop ‘sense-hydrogen treatment-sense’ paradigm guided by lesion-specific NO levels, enabling on-demand hydrogen intervention to potently resolve inflammation, robustly drive tissue regeneration, and markedly accelerate diabetic wound healing with excellent biocompatibility.