Modulating Anomalous Thermal Quenching Behavior of Stimulation Luminescence via High-Orbit Electronic Satellite-Stabilized Trap State in Germanate-Based Phosphors for 5D Optical Data Storage

Persistent luminescence (PersL) materials are extensively utilized in areas such as emergency lighting and information storage, but their performance is generally optimized at room temperature and degrades significantly under high-temperature conditions. Herein, a serials of Mg 2 GeO 4 :Ti 4+ ,Ln 3+ (Ln = Tb, Eu) phosphors demonstrate anomalous thermal quenching PersL due to the temperature-dependent Fermi-Dirac distribution of bound charge carriers of Ti 4 + Mg 2 + as remote electron traps and V M ⁢ g 2 + ${{\mathrm{V}}_{{\mathrm{M}}{{\mathrm{g}}^{2 + }}}}$ as hole traps. The high carrier retention rate is attributed to the ability of Ti 4 + Mg 2 + positive charge center to strongly trap non-bonding electrons over a long range (about 20 Å) as the electronic satellite for its stable operation. Under external optical/thermal stimulation, the released electrons and holes recombine at the different luminescent levels of Tb 3+ , giving rise to PersL emission with different branching ratios. Based on these phosphors, a five-dimensional (5D) optical storage (encoding information in 2D space, trap depth, temperature, and time dimensions) and the encrypted engine program for high-temperature aerospace engines are developed. This study elucidates the long-range electron-trapping and release processes mediated by Ti 4+ centers, offering a new design concept for advanced PersL materials.