Fabrication of CuxO Nanoparticle Electrodes Via Electroplating-Based Laser-Induced Transfer for Glucose Detection

The scalable synthesis of nanostructured copper oxide ( Cu x ⁢ O $ \mathrm{Cu_xO}$ ) with precise control over particle morphology and distribution presents significant challenges in electrochemical sensing. To address this issue, we introduce Electroplating-based Laser-Induced Transfer (EP-LIT), a novel manufacturing method that enables rapid and programmable fabrication of nanoparticle assemblies on carbon cloth (CC). This method uniquely combines electroplating, which allows for adjustable copper film growth on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass, with laser processing for material transfer, fragmentation, and oxidation. By systematically optimizing electroplating parameters and laser settings, we achieve precise control over nanoparticle size, composition, and spatial distribution. The resulting Cu x ⁢ O @ CC $ \mathrm{Cu_xO@CC}$ electrode exhibits superior electrocatalytic activity for glucose detection, which can be attributed to its dense nanoparticle architecture and tailored surface chemistry. The optimized electrode demonstrates a sensitivity of 3.13 and a detection limit (LOD) of 1.79 , retaining 99.5% of its initial response over 7 days. Beyond glucose sensing, EP-LIT provides a transformative platform for the on-demand synthesis of tunable metal oxide nanomaterials, enabling precise nanoscale control to advance complex electrochemical interfaces and multiplexed biomarker detection.