Preparation of a Novel Pb(II) Ion-Imprinted Sensor Based on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Highly Sensitive Lead Detection

Given the serious health risks posed by Pb(II) contamination in natural waters, significant efforts have focused on developing electrochemical sensors for its detection, centering on the design of sensitive, stable, and low-cost electrode materials. In this work, a lead ion-imprinted polymer (MWCNTs@SiO 2 @IIP) was synthesized via a surface ion-imprinting technique, employing vinyl trimethoxysilane-modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as the substrate. A comprehensive characterization of MWCNTs@SiO 2 @IIP was carried out by means of a variety of advanced characterization technologies. An electrochemical sensor, designated as MWCNTs@SiO 2 @IIP/CPE, was fabricated by incorporating the polymer into a carbon paste electrode. Key parameters affecting the inspection of Pb 2+ , including the amount of imprinted polymer, electrolyte pH, deposition potential, and deposition time, were systematically investigated. The sensor exhibited a second-order linear response across two concentration ranges: 2–30 μg·L −1 and 30–240 μg·L −1 , with a calculated detection limit of 0.61 μg·L −1 . Furthermore, the imprinted sensor demonstrated high repeatability, excellent stability, and remarkable selectivity. The constructed electrochemical sensor thus presents an advanced strategy for the expedient and selective detection of lead ions in aqueous conditions.