Nanoliposome encapsulation of Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharides for enhanced bioavailability and functional skin protection

Marine-derived polysaccharides are promising bioactive macromolecules, but their high molecular weight limits transdermal delivery and functional efficacy. In this study, a sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme (DSFP, ∼41 kDa) was encapsulated into nanoliposomes (DSFP@Nano) to enhance skin-targeted bioactivity. Results showed that DSFP@Nano exhibited nanoscale size, uniform distribution, negative surface charge, and preserved structural integrity. Stability assessment over 21 days demonstrated minimal changes in particle size, polydispersity, and surface potential, while contact angle measurements indicated favorable interactions with biological interfaces. In vitro and in vivo permeation studies further demonstrated that DSFP@Nano exhibited enhanced skin penetration and significantly improved the transdermal delivery efficiency of DSFP. DSFP@Nano improved anti-photoaging activity and reduced oxidative stress in skin cells compared with free DSFP. In vivo , topical application of DSFP@Nano preserved dermal collagen and mitigated UV-induced structural damage. These findings demonstrate that nanoliposome encapsulation effectively enhances the delivery and functional performance of high-molecular-weight polysaccharides, providing a versatile platform for the development of skin-targeted bioactive materials.