Thermophysical properties of ternary system n-dodecane + isobutanol + ethyl decanoate and corresponding binary systems

The density ( ρ ) and dynamic viscosity ( η ) of ternary system containing n -dodecane, isobutanol and ethyl decanoate and three binary mixtures ( n -dodecane + isobutanol), ( n -dodecane + ethyl decanoate), (isobutanol + ethyl decanoate) were experimentally determined in a temperature range of T  = (293.15 to 323.15 K) with a temperature step of 5 K and at pressure 0.1 MPa. The excess molar volume ( V m E ), deviation in viscosity (Δ η ) and excess free energies of activation of viscous flow (Δ G ∗E ) of ternary and the corresponding binary systems were obtained from the ρ and η data. Additionally, Redlich–Kister equation, Cibulka equation and Singh equation were used to estimate V m E and Δ η of ternary mixtures. The V m E exhibites positive values for all binary and ternary mixtures, and the Δ η and Δ G ∗E values are all negative. Achieving a thorough comprehension of biofuel density and viscosity properties is important for researching and developing suitable surrogate fuel mixtures.