Laser-textured superamphiphobic LF-PTFE solid-liquid hybrid triboelectric nanogenerator for stable energy harvesting and self-powered liquid sensing

LF-PTFE combines laser-texturing and F-SiO₂ coating for superamphiphobicity. • The SL-TENG outputs 118 V and 33 μA under single DI water droplet impact. • It harvests energy and senses liquid type and ion concentration effectively. • 1D-CNN classification exceeds 97.71%, with anti-icing and de-icing capability. Solid–liquid hybrid triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have attracted considerable attention due to their great potential in sustainable energy harvesting and self-powered sensing. However, their practical applications are still restricted by insufficient output performance, poor durability, and limited environmental adaptability. In this work, we propose a high-performance solid-liquid hybrid TENG based on laser-textured and fluorinated polytetrafluoroethylene (LF-PTFE). By constructing a low-surface-energy F-SiO₂ superamphiphobic interface with hierarchical micro/nanostructures, the surface wettability and droplet-driven electrical output are significantly improved. The fabricated LF-PTFE surface exhibits water and oil contact angles exceeding 150°, achieving excellent superamphiphobic properties. Under the impact of a single deionized water droplet, the device delivers a peak open-circuit voltage of 118 V and a short-circuit current of 33 μA, nearly three times higher than those of pristine PTFE, and maintains stable output even under continuous droplet impacts. The effects of external parameters such as droplet frequency, impact height, incidence angle, dielectric thickness, and landing position on electrical performance are systematically investigated. The device not only efficiently harvests energy to charge capacitors but also functions as a self-powered sensor for liquid type identification and ionic concentration detection. Moreover, the excellent anti-icing and photothermal de-icing properties of the LF-PTFE surface ensure superior operational stability in extreme environments. Furthermore, by integrating the triboelectric signals with a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) and developing a droplet detection program, high-precision self-powered liquid classification was achieved. This study provides a systematic strategy for the design of multifunctional solid-liquid hybrid TENGs, laying a solid foundation for their application in liquid detection. Download: Download high-res image (192KB) Download: Download full-size image Solid–liquid hybrid TENGs based on laser-textured and fluorinated PTFE were developed for high-performance energy harvesting and self-powered sensing. The LF-PTFE surface with hierarchical F-SiO₂ superamphiphobic structures exhibited water/oil contact angles above 150°, enhanced charge transfer, and delivered 118 V and 33 μA under droplet impact. The device showed stable output, anti-icing/de-icing capability, and enabled liquid classification and ionic concentration detection.