Rosa davurica Pall. as a Functional Food in Ameliorating Acute Myocardial Ischemia: An Integrated Multi-Omics Study on TNF-α and Oxidative Stress

Rosa davurica Pall. (RDP), a rosa fruit rich in bioactive compounds, has shown potential in alleviating cardiovascular diseases, yet its chemical composition and mechanisms against acute myocardial ischemia (AMI) remain unclear. This study comprehensively characterized 99 compounds in RDP extracts using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS), including flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic acids. By integrating transcriptomics and network pharmacology, we identified the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) signaling pathway as a key target in AMI progression. In vivo experiments demonstrated that RDP significantly ameliorated isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial injury by reducing oxidative stress and suppressing the release of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-2, IL-17). Molecular docking and dynamics simulations further revealed that bioactive components in RDP, such as rutin and hyperoside, effectively bind to TNF-α and its receptor TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1), thereby modulating inflammatory responses. These findings provide valuable insights into the multi-target cardioprotective effects of RDP, supporting its application as a promising functional food. Graphical Rosa davurica Pall. (RDP) effectively ameliorates acute myocardial ischemia by neutralizing oxidative stress and disrupting the pro-inflammatory TNF-α/TNFR1 signaling axis. By integrating multi-omics profiling, molecular dynamics, and in vivo models, this study uncovers the multi-target cardioprotective mechanisms of RDP, establishing a robust scientific foundation for its application as a novel cardiovascular functional food.