High-performance TiO2/graphene@SnO2 core-shell nanofibers prepared by coaxial electrospinning as anode for lithium-ion batteries

SnO 2 is a promising LIB anode material due to its high theoretical capacity and eco-friendliness, but suffers from low conductivity and severe volume expansion. This work synthesizes TiO 2 /graphene@SnO 2 (TiO 2 /G@SnO 2 ) core-shell nanofibers via coaxial electrospinning and calcination to address these limitations. The study focuses on optimizing the Ti/Sn molar ratio, finding that a 1:1.5 ratio (GST−2) delivers superior electrochemical performance. The GST−2 anode exhibits an initial discharge capacity of 986.4 mA h g −1 , charge capacity of 677.7 mA h g −1 , and initial Coulombic efficiency of 68.7%. It maintains 556.8 mA h g −1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g −1 , demonstrating exceptional cycling stability. Even at a high current density of 2.0 A g −1 , it retains 450.9 mA h g −1 , highlighting excellent rate capability. The optimized Ti/Sn ratio enhances structural stability without compromising overall capacity. These results confirm TiO 2 /G@SnO 2 core-shell nanofibers as a viable high-performance anode strategy for next-generation LIBs.