Microwave-Actuated CuS/CuCo2O4 Heterojunction Microneedles for Synergistic Eradication of Deep-Seated Biofilms and Inflammatory Microenvironment Remodeling in Acne Treatment

en This link goes to a English section zh This link goes to a Chinese section Deep skin infections and dense biofilm barriers caused by Propionibacterium acnes ( P. acnes ) remain significant challenges in recurrent acne vulgaris, exacerbated by the poor stratum corneum penetration of conventional therapies and rising antibiotic resistance. Herein, we report a microwave (MW)-responsive microneedle (MN) patch integrated with CuS/CuCo 2 O 4 heterojunction nanoparticles for targeted acne therapy. The MN array mechanically breaches the stratum corneum for precise localized delivery, whereas MW irradiation—leveraging its excellent deep-tissue penetration—induces efficient interfacial charge transfer within the heterojunction to generate abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS) in situ. This system achieves over 99% antibacterial efficiency against both Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) and P. acnes , effectively eradicating mature biofilms through synergistic physical and biochemical mechanisms. Furthermore, the localized release of Cu 2+ and Co 2+ ions demonstrates enzyme-like ROS-scavenging capabilities, which activate the NRF2 antioxidant and autophagy-lysosomal pathways while suppressing the NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1 inflammasome. Transcriptomic analysis confirms the downregulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, promoting a microenvironmental transition from a pro-inflammatory to a pro-repair state. Consequently, this transition facilitates fibroblast migration, angiogenesis, and subsequent tissue remodeling. Ultimately, this MW-driven interfacial engineering strategy overcomes the penetration limitations of traditional treatments, presenting a highly promising platform for deep-tissue infection management. 摘要 en This link goes to a English section zh This link goes to a Chinese section 由痤疮丙酸杆菌( Propionibacterium acnes , P. acnes )引起的深层皮肤感染及致密生物膜屏障仍然是复发性寻常痤疮治疗中的重大挑战,这一问题因传统疗法对角质层穿透性差及抗生素耐药性上升而更加严重。本文报道了一种微波(MW)响应型微针(MN)贴片,其整合了CuS/CuCo 2 O 4 异质结纳米颗粒,用于靶向痤疮治疗。微针阵列可机械性破坏角质层,实现精准局部递送,而微波照射利用其优异的深层组织穿透能力,在异质结界面诱导高效电荷转移,原位生成丰富的活性氧(ROS)。该系统对金黄色葡萄球菌( S. aureus )和 P. acnes 的杀菌效率均超过99%,通过物理与生化机制协同作用,有效清除成熟生物膜。此外,局部释放的Cu 2+ 和Co 2+ 离子表现出类酶的ROS清除能力,可激活NRF2抗氧化通路及自噬-溶酶体途径,同时抑制NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1炎症小体。转录组分析显示NF-κB信号通路下调,促进微环境由促炎向促修复状态转变,从而有利于成纤维细胞迁移、血管生成及后续组织重塑。最终,这一微波驱动的界面工程策略克服了传统疗法的穿透限制,为深层组织感染管理提供了极具前景的平台。