Suture-Free Piezoelectric Band-Aid Membrane for Complex Peripheral Nerve Defects

The regeneration and functional rehabilitation of peripheral nerve defects remain major clinical challenges. Piezoelectric materials have the potential to restore both nerve morphology and function. Conventional grafts struggle to repair nerves with complex structures. To address this issue, band-aid–inspired tissue-adhesive membranes were designed to accommodate diverse nerve diameters and branching structures. Electrospinning was used to prepare a Janus membrane that served as a suture-free piezoelectric nerve repair membrane. The inner layer comprised oriented adhesive hydrogel fibers fabricated from gelatin methacryloyl and tannic acid, whereas the outer layer comprised piezoelectric silk fibroin fibers that provided barrier function and structural support. In vivo experiments demonstrated that this membrane streamlined surgery, enabled rapid and facile bridging of complex peripheral nerve defects, and significantly facilitated morphological and functional nerve recovery. This finding holds significant promise for advancing personalized, simplified, and more effective clinical management of peripheral nerve defects. Additionally, it is anticipated to treat defects in other tissues and organs, specifically those with irregular morphologies.