Detection of BPA in food samples using AgNPs/TT-COF/RGO-based molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensors

TT-COF/RGO three-dimensional porous structure improves electronic conductivity and stability. • Electrochemical signals are amplified through the electrodeposition of silver nanoparticles. • MIPs achieve highly selective and specific capture of BPA. • A linear range of 0.25–500 nM and a detection limit 0.09 nM. Herein, we developed an electrochemical sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for the sensitive detection of bisphenol A (BPA) in food samples. The sensing platform was constructed based on ternary AgNPs/TT-COF/RGO hybrid architecture. Subsequently, a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) film was electrodeposited onto the modified electrode using o -phenylenediamine ( o -PD) as the functional monomer and BPA as the template molecule. By integrating the high surface area of RGO, the readily accessible binding sites of TT-COF, and the efficient electron-transfer capability of AgNPs, the ternary AgNPs/TT-COF/RGO hybrid architecture achieves highly sensitive BPA detection. Under optimized conditions, the sensor exhibited a wide linear range of 0.25–500 nM and a low detection limit of 0.09 nM. With its excellent selectivity and sensitivity, the proposed sensor serves as a reliable platform for accurate BPA detection in complex food matrices. We propose an electrochemical sensor based on a MIP/AgNPs/TT-COF/RGO composite for highly selective detection of BPA in complex food samples. The sensor features a tightly integrated composite of RGO and TT-COF, which possesses ordered channels and an electron-rich surface, forming a three-dimensional porous conductive framework that significantly enhances electron transfer efficiency. AgNPs are then electrodeposited onto this framework, leveraging their localized surface plasmon resonance effect and catalytic activity to further amplify the electrochemical response signal at the interface. Finally, the incorporation of MIP enables specific recognition of BPA. Following systematic optimization, the sensor exhibits a broad linear range (0.25–500 nM) and low detection limit (0.09 nM), along with excellent selectivity, reproducibility, and stability. Download: Download high-res image (144KB) Download: Download full-size image