Engineering the mass and electron transfer via wood‑derived TD‑COF/NiFe‑LDH interface for sustainably photocatalytic wastewater treatment

TD-COF/NiFe-LDH heterojunction photocatalyst was in situ constructed on floatable carbonized wood. • Efficient degradation of broad-spectrum pollutants is achieved through pollutant enrichment and dual-pathway electron/energy transfer. • Active oxygen species are selectively generated, enabling highly efficient degradation of various antibiotics and dyes. Hierarchical TD-COF/NiFe-LDH heterojunction photocatalytic materials were constructed using natural wood‑derived carbonized wood as a carrier. The anisotropic macroporous channels of the carbonized wood serve as an efficient “water transport system,” and the heterojunction was prepared via an in‑situ growth method. The material achieves a dual synergy between mass transfer and catalysis: the vertically aligned through‑channels of the carbonized wood promote rapid adsorption and enrichment of pollutants, while its three‑dimensional conductive framework provides an efficient electron transport network. Simultaneously, the TD-COF/NiFe-LDH heterojunction interface significantly enhances the separation efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers. Mechanistic studies reveal that under visible light, the material selectively generates singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) and superoxide radicals (•O 2 – ). In this process, TD-COF primarily drives the energy transfer pathway for 1 O 2 , while the heterojunction structure facilitates the efficient reduction of O 2 via electron transfer. The experimental results indicated that a variety of antibiotics and dyes, including ciprofloxacin (CIP), tetracycline (TC), rhodamine B (RhB), and methylene blue (MB), could be efficiently degraded through the synergistic mechanism of the material, which demonstrated excellent catalytic performance. This work provides a new strategy for designing photocatalysts based on natural biomass. Download: Download high-res image (204KB) Download: Download full-size image