摘要
Conventional water treatment relies on sequential flocculation and disinfection, which inflates infrastructure costs and heightens the risk of disinfection byproduct formation. Here, we report a magnetic lignin-based flocculant (LS-DMC-AM@Fe3O4) that integrates flocculation, sterilization, and rapid magnetic separation within a single material. The composite was synthesized by thermally initiated graft copolymerization of methacryloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride (DMC) and acrylamide (AM) onto sodium lignosulfonate (LS), followed by incorporation of Fe3O4nanoparticles (NPs) at 15 wt% loading; the product exhibited a saturation magnetization of 12.8 emu g−1. LS-DMC-AM@Fe3O4achieved 98.2% kaolin turbidity removal at 1 mg L−1and 98.6%E. coliremoval at 8 mg L−1, and displayed a markedly broader effective dosage window than its non-magnetic analog. We attribute this broadened window to Fe3O4-enhanced membrane disruption, which liberates anionic intracellular contents that buffer excess cationic charge and thereby suppress restabilization. The bactericidal efficiency reached 90% at 18 mg L−1, 1.6-fold higher than LS-DMC-AM, governed by a synergistic dual mechanism: quaternary ammonium contact-killing coupled with Fe3O4NP-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Under an external magnetic field, flocs underwent rapid phase separation and displayed enhanced shear-regrowth capacity (E. colifloc recovery factor: 53% vs. 26%); Fe3O4NPs were recovered at >95% efficiency over two cycles. Despite higher unit production costs, LS-DMC-AM@Fe3O4delivers competitive per-unit-volume treatment economics through its ultralow effective dosage and magnetic seed recyclability. These results establish a viable strategy for engineering multifunctional, recyclable flocculants from industrial lignin waste.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）