MXene–Ag2Se@sponge Dual-Modal Sensor for Decoupled Temperature and Pressure Sensing

Flexible sensors are evolving from single-parameter to multi-modal measurement. Dual-modal flexible tactile sensors capable of detecting both temperature and pressure are essential for human–machine interaction and wearable health monitoring. Here, we present a flexible dual-modal sensor constructed from a sponge framework decorated with MXene–Ag 2 Se nanocomposite. The heterogeneous MXene–Ag 2 Se interfaces enhance carrier transport and conductivity. A three-electrode configuration with spatially separated in-plane thermoelectricity and out-of-plane piezoresistivity enables effective decoupling of temperature and pressure sensing. The MXene–Ag 2 Se@sponge sensor demonstrates high pressure sensitivity (2.202 kPa − 1 in 0–25 kPa, 0.466 kPa − 1 in 25–60 kPa, and 0.076 kPa − 1 in 60–300 kPa), a fast response time (37 ms) for pressure sensing, and excellent durability. For temperature sensing, it achieves an ultralow detection limit of 0.2 K, a high Seebeck coefficient of 175.47 µV/K, and stable cycling performance. In addition, the MXene–Ag 2 Se@sponge dual-modal sensor is applied to human pulse monitoring, joint motion detection, and finger temperature measurement, highlighting its potential for wearable biomedical sensing. Furthermore, a sensor array was also implemented as electronic skin, enabling simultaneous temperature-pressure mapping with high spatial resolution. This work provides a promising strategy for intelligent robotics and flexible electronics.