Rapid and specific detection of influenza virus antigens via surface-enhanced Raman scattering-based immunoassay

Influenza is currently one of the most prevalent respiratory diseases in humans, with outbreaks typically occurring during the winter months. Its impact is particularly pronounced among vulnerable populations, such as the elderly, infants, and individuals with chronic illnesses. Common methods including reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs), and direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) assays for detecting influenza viruses have their own limitations and struggle to meet the point-of-care testing (POCT) demands during influenza pandemics. In this study, a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) sensor chip based on the immunosandwich principle was developed for the rapid detection of influenza A and B viruses. Using a portable Raman spectrometer, viral antigen detection can be completed within 20 min, with a detection limit as low as 0.69 ng/mL. This provides a new approach for the rapid screening and dynamic monitoring of influenza viruses.