Flexible MoS2-CNCs/PVDF Piezoelectric Composites With Enhanced Crystalline Phase Transition for Robust Physiological Signal Monitoring

Two-dimensional (2D) piezoelectric semiconductors, specifically molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ), have emerged as premier candidates for next-generation nanoscale tactile sensors due to their exceptional electron mobility, high polarization rates, and low power consumption. However, the inherent rigidity and structural brittleness of MoS 2 hinder its seamless integration into flexible, wearable platforms. Herein, we report a synergistic strategy combining mechanical ball milling and electrospinning to fabricate high-performance MoS 2 carbon nanocrystal/polyvinylidene fluoride (MoS 2 -CNCs/PVDF) nanofibrous membranes on textile substrates. By utilizing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a macromolecular surfactant, we achieved superior filler dispersion and optimized interfacial bonding within the polymer matrix. At an optimal PVP concentration of 10%, the composite exhibits a piezoelectric coefficient ( d 33 ) of 34 pC/N—a 1.3-fold increase over pristine PVDF and delivers a peak output voltage of 2.12 V under a 0.5 N load with high linearity ( R 2 > 0.93). Furthermore, the hierarchical composite architecture yields robust mechanical properties, including a tensile strength of 19 MPa and 100% elongation at break, effectively overcoming the traditional brittleness of inorganic MoS 2 systems. Integrated into elastic textiles, the resulting sensor enables high-fidelity real-time monitoring of physiological signals, including radial pulse, respiratory rhythms, and joint kinematics. This work provides a scalable pathway for health diagnostics and human-machine interaction.